10.3.1 Required Motorized Vehicle and Bicycle Parking

1. Rates for off-street motor vehicle and bicycle parking spaces are provided for all uses listed below.

2. Uses not listed shall be reviewed by the Planning Director, or designee, for the appropriate parking rate classification, pursuant to Section 3.1, Interpretation of this Ordinance.

3. Buildings with multiple primary uses shall calculate parking based on the standard for each use in the building.

Use Category	Specific Use	Motor Vehicle (MV) Spaces	Minimum Bicycle Parking, except in the Downtown and Compact Neighborhood Tiers
AGRICULTURAL USES
Agriculture	All agriculture	1 acre or less: None; Greater than an acre: 1 per site + 1 per 1,000 SF enclosed floor area	No spaces required
RESIDENTIAL USES
Household Living	All household living¹	2 per unit	Multifamily (except townhomes): 1 per 10 units
Household Living	Clubhouse and/or pool accessory to a residential development	No minimum	10% of motor vehicle parking provided, minimum 4 spaces
Group Living	All group living, except as listed below	1 per 4 beds	Dormitories: 1 per 10 beds
	Co-living	2 per unit	1 per 3 bedrooms
	Congregate living facility	1 per 2 units + 1 per 4 employees	1 per 20 employees, minimum 2 spaces
	Independent Living Facility	0.6 per unit	1 per 20 units, minimum 4 spaces
PUBLIC AND CIVIC USES
Community Service	All community service, except as listed below	1 per 500 SF floor area	1 per 5,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
	Auditoriums	1 per 200 SF floor area available for seating in places of assembly, minimum 20 spaces	1 per 2,000 SF floor area available for seating in places of assembly, minimum 2 spaces
	Clubs and lodges	1 per 100 SF floor area	1 per 5,000 SF floor area
	Museums	1 per 300 SF floor area, minimum 10 spaces	1 per 3,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
	Shelters, food pantry or meal center	1 per 1,500 SF floor area	1 per 5,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
Day Care	All day care	1 per employee + 1 per each 10 attendees	2% of required MV parking
Educational Facilities	All educational facilities, except as listed below	6 per classroom + 1 per 300 SF floor area of administrative office space	1 per classroom
	Elementary (inclusive of pre-k and preschool programs), middle school	1 per classroom + 1 per 300 SF floor area of administrative office space	1 per classroom
	College or University	1.25 per dorm room + 1 per classroom + 1 per 300SF of administrative office space	20% of provided motor vehicle parking
	Distance Learning Facility	1 per 300 SF floor area	1 per 5,000 SF floor area, minimum 4 spaces
Government Facilities	City, county, state or federal government office	1 per 300 SF floor area + 1 per 3 employees	1 per 3,000 SF floor area + 1 per 30 employees , minimum 4 spaces
	Correctional facilities, jail, prison	1 per 300 SF office area + 1 per 5 beds	1 per 5,000 SF office area, minimum 4 spaces
	Emergency services, fire, sheriff or medical station	1 per employee per shift + 1 per facility vehicle	1 per 8 employees per shift
Medical Facilities	All medical facilities, except as listed below	1 per 250 SF floor area	1 per 5,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
	Medical laboratory	1 per 500 SF floor area	1 per 10,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
	Hospital	1 per 2 beds + 1 per doctor and nurse + 1 per 4 employees	1 per 20 employees
Parks and Open Areas	All parks and open areas except as listed below	See Indoor Recreation or Outdoor Recreation, as applicable	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Court, Basketball	4 per court	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Court, Tennis	3 per court	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Dog park	1 per 1,000 SF	None required
	Field, Baseball or softball	20 per field	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Field, Football or soccer	30 per field	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Picnic shelter	1 per table	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Playground	1 per 1,000 SF	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Pool, Indoor	20 per pool	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Pool, Outdoor	10 per pool	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Recreation center	1 per 300 SF floor area	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Trail head	1 per 1,000 linear feet of trail	20% of provided motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Cemetery, mausoleum columbaria, memorial garden	1 per 5 seats in the chapel or assembly area	No spaces required
Passenger Terminals	All passenger terminals	1 per 200 SF waiting floor area + 1 per 2 employees	10% of required MV parking. Minimum 8 spaces. Parking must be covered.
Places of Worship	All places of worship	1 per 28 SF available for seating in the assembly area(s)	5% of provided motor vehicle parking
Social Service Institutions	All social service institutions, except as listed below	1 per 1,500 SF floor area + 1 per employee/volunteer	1 per 5,000 SF floor area , minimum 2 spaces
Utilities	All utilities, except as listed below	1 per 1,000 SF enclosed floor area	2 spaces, where motor vehicle parking is required
Utilities	TV/HDTV/AM/FM broadcast facility	1 per 300 SF enclosed floor area	1 per 10,000 SF enclosed floor area
COMMERCIAL USES
Indoor Recreation	All indoor recreation, except as listed below	1 per 250 SF enclosed floor area	1 per 2,500 SF enclosed floor area, minimum 2 spaces
	Adult establishment, electronic gaming operation, bar, nightclub, movie or theater	1 per 100 SF of floor area	Movie or Theatre: 1 per 1,000 SF of seating area Others: 1 per 2,000 SF floor area , minimum 2 spaces
	Conference center, retreat house, event venue, banquet hall	1 per 250 SF seating area	1 per 5,000 SF seating area, minimum 2
Outdoor Recreation	All outdoor recreation, except as listed below	1 per 500 SF of enclosed floor area + 1 per 1,000 SF of outdoor use area	10% of required motor vehicle parking, minimum 4 spaces
	Campground, summer camp	1 per campsite + 1 per employee	5% of required MV parking
	Circus ground	1 per 600 SF of the area devoted to the circus, arcade, concessions, etc.	2% of required MV parking
	Firing range, outdoor such as rifle range, archery, skeet, handgun	Min 5 + 1 per firing position	No spaces required
	Golf course, country club (see “restaurants” for additional parking requirements associated with eating facilities)	4 per hole + 1 per 500 SF floor area	5% of required MV parking
	Stadium or arena, commercial amphitheater, ballfield	1 per 4 seats	1 per 30 seats, minimum 4 spaces, maximum 50 spaces.
Overnight Accommodations	All overnight accommodations, except as listed below	1.25 per room + 1 per 100 SF conference/banquet/ restaurant	1 per 15 rooms + 1 per 2,000 SF conference/banquet/ restaurant
	Bed and breakfast establishment	1 per guest room + 2 per owner/manager	No spaces required
	Diet house, emergency shelter	1 per 250 SF floor area	1 per 2,500 SF floor area
Restaurants	All restaurants, except as listed below	1 per 100 SF	1 per 2,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
Retail Sales and Service	All retail sales and service, except as listed below	1 per 200 SF floor area for the first 50,000 SF of Gross Leaseable Area and 1 per 250 SF of leaseable area after that	1 per 5,000 SF floor area, minimum 4 spaces
	Animal hospital, kennel, or veterinarian	1 per 250 SF enclosed floor area	1 per 10,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
	Artist gallery, bulk mailing service, psychic, medium, security service, studio, taxidermist	1 per 400 SF floor area	1 per 10,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces Security service, taxidermist: No spaces required
	For developments with more than one business: Storage used as general storage for the facility	1 per 1,000 SF floor area	No spaces required
	Outdoor market	1 per 300 SF vendor area	5% of required MV parking
	Repair-oriented services such as appliance, bicycle, canvas product, clock, computer, gun, jewelry, musical instrument, office equipment, radio, shoe, television or watch repair, locksmith, tailor, milliner, upholsterer	1 per 500 SF floor area	1 per 10,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
Self-Service Storage	All self-service storage	Min. 5 or 1 per 100 storage units, whichever is greater	Min. 2 or 1 per 750 storage units, whichever is greater
Vehicle Sales and Service	All vehicle sales and service, except as listed below	3 per service bay	1 per 20 employees, minimum 2 spaces
	Car wash	2 per wash bay	1 per 20 employees, minimum 2 spaces
	Vehicle sales, leasing or rental; manufactured housing sales	1 per 500 SF enclosed floor area	1 per 20 employees, minimum 2 spaces
OFFICE USES
Office	All office uses, except as listed below	1 per 250 SF floor area	1 per 5,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces
Office	Research and development	1 per 250 SF floor area of office space + 1 per 1,000 SF floor area of laboratory + 1 per 5,000 SF floor area for greenhouses and other material or mechanical storage areas	1 per 5,000 SF office floor area, minimum 2 spaces + 1 per 20,000 SF floor area non-office, minimum 2 spaces
INDUSTRIAL USES
Heavy Industrial	All heavy industrial	1 per 1,000 SF enclosed floor area	2 spaces required
Heavy Industrial	Wrecking, junk or salvage yard	1 + 1 per 10,000 SF of yard area	2% of required MV parking
Light Industrial Service	All light industrial service	1 per 1,000 SF floor area	1 per 20,000 SF floor area, minimum 2
Resource Extraction	All resource extraction	1 per 2 employees, minimum 3	2 spaces required
Warehouse and Freight Movement	All warehouse and freight movement	1 per 5,000 SF of floor area	2% of required MV parking, minimum 2 spaces
Waste-Related Service	All waste-related services	1 per 500 SF enclosed floor area + 1 per 5,000 SF outside storage area	2 spaces required
Wholesale Trades	All wholesale trade	1 per 1,000 SF floor area	1 per 20,000 SF floor area, minimum 2 spaces

1For all household living within the Compact Neighborhood Tier, and affordable housing dwelling units in the Urban Tier, see paragraph 10.3.1B.6.

1. The amount of motor vehicle parking shall be a percent of the amount indicated in paragraph 10.3.1A.4, Parking Rate Table. The minimum and maximum parking rates are as follows. For fractions, refer to paragraph 10.2.5, Calculation of Spaces.

Location	Minimum	Maximum
Downtown Design (DD) District	None	100%
Suburban and Rural Tiers	None	175%
Urban Tier¹
All Districts except Commercial Infill (CI)	None	175%
Commercial Infill (CI) District	None	100%
Compact Neighborhood Tier ¹^,²
All Districts except Compact Suburban Design (CSD) Districts	None	100%
Compact Suburban Design District – Core (CSD-C)	None	50%
Compact Suburban Design District – Support 1 (CSD-S1)	None	100%
Compact Suburban Design District – Support 2 (CSD-S2)	None	100%

1For all households living within the Compact Neighborhood Tier, and affordable housing dwelling units in the Urban Tier, see paragraph 10.3.1B.6.

2For the North RTP and Triangle Metro Center Compact Neighborhood Tiers, see paragraph 10.3.1B.5.

Example: The parking schedule is a baseline calculator for the amount of motor vehicle parking for a particular use or uses, subject to the location minimum and maximum requirements of the tier or specific zoning district. For example, if a use, per the parking table, generates a rate of 100 spaces, the amount of parking permitted is as follows:

DD: Minimum – None; maximum – 100 spaces

Suburban and Rural: Minimum – None; Maximum – 175 spaces

Compact Neighborhood (All districts except CSD): Minimum – None; Maximum – 100 spaces

Compact Neighborhood – CSD Districts:

Core: Minimum – None; Maximum – 50 spaces

Support 1: Minimum – None; Maximum – 100 spaces

Support 2: Minimum – None; Maximum – 100 spaces

Urban (except CI): Minimum – None; maximum – 175 spaces

CI District: Minimum – None; maximum – 100 spaces

2. Bicycle parking rates for the SRP-C District (County Only), Compact Neighborhood and Downtown Tiers shall be pursuant to paragraph 10.3.3, Bicycle Parking in the SRP-C District (County Only), Downtown and Compact Neighborhood Tiers.

3. The amount of required parking for colleges or universities within the UC or UC-2 districts shall be determined pursuant to paragraph 6.11.4I, Parking.

4. Unless a use is a college or university, passenger terminal, within the SRP-C District (County Only), or located in the Downtown or Compact Neighborhood Tiers, the maximum number of required bicycle parking spaces shall be 100.

5. For the North RTP and Triangle Metro Center Compact Neighborhood Tiers: Uses located in these areas approved prior to January 1, 2006, can utilize the maximum parking rates established for the Suburban Tier until such time as regional mass transit is available in the applicable tier area.

6. In the following tiers, the motor vehicle parking rates for household living dwelling units shall be as follows. Where parking is provided for developments with affordable housing dwelling units, parking spaces shall not be reserved, designated, or otherwise set aside for market-rate versus affordable units:

	Minimum	Maximum
Compact Neighborhood Tier (except CSD Districts):
Household Living, except as Listed Below	None	2 spaces/unit
Affordable Housing Dwelling Units	None	2 spaces/unit
Compact Suburban Design Districts:
CSD-C and CSD-S1	None	1.5 spaces/unit
CSD-S2	None	2 spaces/unit
Affordable Housing Dwelling Units	None	See sub-district maximum
Urban and Suburban Tiers:
Affordable Housing Dwelling Units	None	2 spaces/unit

The maximum amount of motor vehicle parking can be exceeded by any of the following methods:

a. The additional parking spaces and drive aisles shall be pervious paving pursuant to the following:

(1) Pervious paving shall be considered surface improvements such as interlocking concrete paving blocks, brick pavers, grid pavers, or other similar improvements which permit the infiltration of water through the improved surface.

(2) Sub-surface preparation to accommodate the water infiltration allowed through the surface material shall be required.

(3) Gravel shall not be considered a pervious paving surface.

b. The additional parking spaces shall be provided as structured parking subject to the following requirements:

(1) The footprint of proposed structured parking cannot exceed 75% of the footprint of a surface parking lot designed to accommodate 100% parking; and

(2) The maximum height shall be the height permitted within the zoning district.

c. The additional parking spaces are underground where parking areas are not visible from the right-of-way or adjacent properties.

d. For all sites except in Design Districts: a sealed alternative parking rate analysis, prepared by an engineer with expertise in transportation, that utilizes the following criteria to substantiate the need for additional parking. The City Transportation Director or designee, or NCDOT, as applicable, shall be the approving authority for the analysis.

(1) Data or studies of similar sites and uses;

(2) Comparisons to minimum standards in national published data sources such as Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), Urban Land Institute (ULI), National Parking Association (NPA), American Planning Association (APA), or other professionally recognized data sources; and

(3) Comparisons to minimum requirements of similar municipalities.

(1) No more than the maximum allowed parking pursuant to paragraph 10.3.1A.4 shall be allowed, unless provided within structured parking and at least two of the three following requirements are met:

(a) At least 50% of the parking structure roof area is a green roof;

(b) A minimum of 15% of the total parking provided shall be made permanently publicly accessible; and

(c) All street frontage portions of the parking structure shall be constructed to allow conversion to interior usable space.

(2) Public parking provided as a provision for additional height in paragraph 16.3.4, Height, can be provided in excess of the maximum parking provided it meets 1a and 1c above.