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A. Except in Design Districts, connectivity shall be defined by the ratio of links to nodes in any subdivision.

1. The connectivity ratio shall be the number of street links divided by the number of nodes (Links/Nodes).

2. A link shall be:

a. Any portion of a street, connected by a node at either end, including sidewalks and pedestrian connections in accordance with Sec. 12.4, Stub Outs, to adjacent property, transit stops, and streets including sidewalks per paragraph 12.4.2.

b. For the purpose of determining the number of links in a development, boulevards, median-divided roadways, and divided entrances shall be treated the same as conventional two-way roadways.

Table 1. Connectivity Ratio Link Scoring Matrix

Type of Link

Connectivity Ratio Score (0.5-2)

Street (including required sidewalks per paragraph 12.4.2)

1: Street with required sidewalks per paragraph 12.4.2

2: Streets with sidewalk and exclusive on-road bicycle facilities

Stub Out

0.5

Transit Stop (score received with the development of a new stop or development of ADA accessible connections to an existing stop within 500 feet of the development)

2: Construction of a new transit stop with ADA accessible design and pedestrian connection within 15 feet; or ADA accessible improvements and pedestrian connection within 15 feet to an existing transit stop 500 feet or less from the subject site.

Additional Pedestrian Connections (in accordance with paragraph 12.4.3C) within the development (constructed greenway trails, mid-block pedestrian passages linking parallel rights-of-way, cul-de-sac connection walkways)

2: All-weather pedestrian pathway of solid surface material such as concrete, asphalt, or another similar material that would satisfy the State accessibility code with a minimum of 8-foot width. Additional lighting features as described in Sec. 7.4, Outdoor Lighting.

1.5: Less than 8-foot width pedestrian pathway constructed from a naturally occurring or loose material such as mulch or gravel.

Bicycle Connections

1.5: Off-road bicycle facility as described in Sec. 12.4, Pedestrian and Bicycle Mobility.

Commentary: The different types of links and nodes have been weighted and scored differently based on how the specific infrastructure adds to connectivity and how it contributes to the ratio scoring matrix. A higher scoring link equates to a more desirable link, while a higher scoring node equates to a less desirable node.

3. A node shall be:

The terminus of a street or the intersection of two or more streets. A divided entrance shall only count once.

Table 2. Connectivity Ratio Node Scoring Matrix

Type of Node

Score

Four-Way Intersection

1

Three-Way Intersection

1.25

Cul-de-sac

1.5

Figure 1. Types of Nodes

4. Additional Requirements

a. Pedestrian Links Required

A (publicly accessible) pedestrian link shall be required between a neighborhood link or node including cul-de-sac bulb or street turnaround, within 500 feet or less of the next closest connection to an adjacent pedestrian connection and/or to significant pedestrian generators or destinations such as schools, parks, trails, employment centers, commercial areas, residential neighborhoods, or similar features.

(1) Required pedestrian links will be constructed from all-weather solid surface material such as concrete, asphalt, or another similar material that would satisfy the State accessibility code and comply with the most recent accessibility standards as published under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

(2) The requirements contained in Table 1 shall not apply if at least one of the following conditions prevents a through connection:

(a) Obstacles associated with prior platting of property from another landowner;

(b) Construction of existing buildings or other barriers;

(c) Railroad or utility right-of-way; or

(d) Existing limited-access motor vehicle right-of-way.

(3) Cross Access Required

In addition to meeting all the requirements of paragraph 13.6.2A.4.a, Pedestrian Links Required, pedestrian links shall be provided between compatible uses such as civic, institutional, commercial, and residential uses.

B. Connectivity in Design Districts

For Design Districts, see Sec. 16.4, Streetscape, Right-of Way, and Block/Lot Standards.